Napoleonic Total War Iii' title='Napoleonic Total War Iii' />Buy Total War Grand Master Collection. Includes 27 items Medieval II Total War, Rome Total War Collection, Empire Total War, Empire Total War. Napoleons Total War. Military History. When Revolutionary France declared war on the Austrian empire in the spring of 1. Instead, 1. 79. 2 marked the beginning of a long, grinding, hideously bloody series of wars that would drag on in every state in Europe and last, with scant interruption, until the final defeat of Frances Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo in 1. NTWmods/NapoleonTW/Map.jpg' alt='Napoleonic Total War Iii' title='Napoleonic Total War Iii' />These wars marked something fundamentally new in Western history, and collectively deserve the title of the first total war. Long before 1. 79. European powers had fought with each other at regular intervals, but those conflicts were remarkably limited in scope. The armies tended to avoid large scale battle. Noncombatants could hope for relatively merciful treatment. Enemy officers dealt with each other as honorable adversaries. The major powers and their armed forces were still dominated by hereditary aristocracies, and war retained the feel of an aristocratic ritual. War of the Sixth Coalition Part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars Battle of Leipzig. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Napoleonic Total War Iii' title='Napoleonic Total War Iii' />It was not play acting by any means, but earlier wars proceeded according to a fairly strict code of aristocratic honor. The French Revolution marked a sudden and dramatic break with this tradition. Revolutionary France overthrew the countrys aristocracy along with its king and queen, and brought in new men including the young and talented Bonaparte to lead its armed forces. By 1. 79. 3, its leaders were calling for total military mobilization of the population. Not only would young men go into the army, but women, old men and even children would turn their energies to the war effort, producing weapons, uniforms and supplies. France declared that its opponents were not honorable adversaries but enemies of the human race who amounted to nothing more than criminals. Napoleonic Total War Iii' title='Napoleonic Total War Iii' />The result was a steady escalation of horror that did not stop even after the high point of revolutionary radicalism had passed in France itself, and after Napoleon took power there in 1. The figures speak for themselves More than one fifth of all the major battles fought in Europe between 1. Before 1. 79. 0 only a handful of battles had involved more than 1. Battle of Wagram, largest in the gunpowder age to date, involved 3. Just four years later the Battle of Leipzig drew 5. During the wars, France alone counted close to a million war deaths. In the process, France carved out for itself the greatest empire seen in Europe since the days of the Caesars, but lost it again in a stunningly short time. Among the most hideous novelties of the period was the spread of vicious insurgent campaigns against French occupying forces that the French themselves tried to murderously suppress. The first such campaigns took place in France itself, involving struggles by traditional Catholics and Royalists against the Revolutionary government. But as French rule spread like an inkblot over the map of Europe, more such episodes followed in Belgium, in Italy, in the Tyrolian Alps of Austria. The worst of all occurred in Spain, where the War of Independence of 1. European warfare, and bequeathed a new word to European languages guerrilla, from the Spanish for little war. It was in Spain that the French armys brutal campaign to suppress those guerrilla wars revealed fully the ugly face of the new total war. During much of the early Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, Spain was allied with France. But as the years went by and Napoleon claimed the title of emperor, he contemplated overthrowing Spains Bourbon dynasty, which he blamed for the disaster in 1. Battle of Trafalgar, where the combined French and Spanish fleets were decimated by the British under Lord Nelson. To top things off, the conduct of the Spanish royal family lurched embarrassingly between melodrama and farce. For years the lumpish, mentally unstable King Carlos IV had effectively surrendered power to a favorite, Manuel Godoy, who was generally known to be the lover of Queen Maria Luisa. Fernando, the royal couples 2. Napoleon to enlist his help. In October 1. 80. Godoy was meanwhile seeking to placate his French patron. The same day Fernando was arrested, Spain and France signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, under whose secret terms a French army could cross Spanish territory en route to its invasion of Portugal, which had defied the Continental Blockade that Napoleon had imposed in an attempt to strangle British trade. In November General Jean Andoche Junot crossed the Pyrenees with 2. Portuguese resistance and stumbled into Lisbon in early December. The Portuguese ruling family fled to its colony of Brazil. Napoleon continued to reinforce his army in Spain until, by the spring of 1. Resorting to ruses, these troops peacefully occupied important Spanish fortresses. Marshal Joachim Murat made a flamboyant entrance into Madrid on horseback, accompanied by trumpeters, drummers, lavishly uniformed cavalry and 9. Egyptian Mamelukes, a living relic of the Egyptian expedition. Murat, who was Napoleons brother in law, hoped that the emperor might give him the crown of Spain, and his upbeat reports to Paris served this ambition. Your Majesty, he wrote Napoleon at one point, is awaited here like the Messiah. A slight exaggeration, to say the least. But initially, few Spaniards saw the French as invaders. Prior to Murats arrival, supporters of the conspiratorial son Fernando rioted at the royal residence of Aranjuez, forcing Manuel Godoys dismissal and King Carlos abdication. But Napoleon refused to recognize Fernandos ascension and instead summoned both father and son to meet with him. In the meantime, the Spanish population had finally grown anxious about the swelling French presence, and when rumors spread that Murat had abducted a Bourbon prince, an uprising took place in Madrid. The French suppressed it amid gory street fighting, and the next day firing squads summarily executed hundreds of prisoners. The painter Francisco de Goya later devoted two of his most brilliant works to these two days in May. One painting highlighted the small number of Mamelukes in the French force, so as to evoke Spains long struggle against Islam. Another offered a phantasmagorical tableau of implacable soldiers taking cold aim at an illuminated, Christlike victim. The paintings made the Dos de Mayo and Tres de Mayo iconic dates of the Spanish War. Meanwhile in Bayonne, just over the French border, Napoleon insisted that both Carlos and his son abdicate in his favor, alternately cajoling, threatening and bursting into fits of sheer rage. Napoleon had utter contempt for Fernando in particular. He is so stupid I have not been able to get a word out of him, he wrote to his counselor Talleyrand. Whether you scold him or praise him, his face remains blank. In the short term, the threats worked. Father and son both surrendered their rights and departed for exile in France. The emperor then played a game of musical thrones, ordering his brother Joseph to trade Naples for Madrid and giving Murat, a former grocer and army private, the lesser but nonetheless royal reward of southern Italy. The confidence and scorn that Napoleons men felt as they poured into Spain in the late spring of 1. Surely, they believed, this corrupt and somnolent country could pose no serious resistance to the greatest empire since Rome. To judge from their letters and memoirs, imperial soldiers and administrators mostly seemed to have the same impressions the dirty, poor and old fashioned appearance of Spanish houses, the profusion of monastic robes in the streets, the dark and wild look of the men, who all seemed lice ridden. Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. See also Napoleon II of France and Napoleon III of France. Napoleon Bonaparte. He was the Emperor of France and also the King of Italy as Napoleon I. His actions shaped European politics in the early 1. Bonaparte was born in Corsica. His parents were of noble Italian birth. He trained as an officer in mainland France. Napoleon became important under the First French Republic. He led successful campaigns against Coalitions of enemies of the Revolution. In 1. 79. 9, he staged a coup dtat to make himself First Consul. Five years later the French Senate declared him Emperor. In the first ten years of the nineteenth century, the French Empire under Napoleon waged the Napoleonic Wars. Every European great power joined in these wars. After a number of victories, France became very important in continental Europe. Napoleon increased his power by making many alliances. He also made his friends and family members rule other European countries as French client states. The French invasion of Russia in 1. Napoleons first big defeat. His army was badly damaged and never fully recovered. In 1. 81. 3, another Coalition defeated his forces at Leipzig. The year after that, they attacked France. The Coalition exiled Napoleon to the island of Elba. Less than a year later, he escaped Elba and briefly became powerful again. However, he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1. Napoleon spent the last six years of his life confined by the British on the island of Saint Helena. A doctor said he died of stomach cancer but some scientists think he was poisoned. Napoleons campaigns are studied at military schools all over the world. He is remembered as a tyrant by his enemies. However, he is also remembered for creating the Napoleonic code. Although raised a Catholic, Napoleon was a deist. Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Casa Buonaparte in the town of Ajaccio, Corsica, on the 1. August 1. 76. 9. This was one year after the island was given to France by the Republic of Genoa. He was the second of eight children. He was named Napoleone di Buonaparte. He took his first name from an uncle who had been killed fighting the French. However, he later used the more French sounding Napolon Bonaparte. The Corsican Buonapartes were from lower Italian nobility. They had come to Corsica in the 1. His father Nobile Carlo Buonaparte became Corsicas representative to the court of Louis XVI in 1. The greatest influence of Napoleons childhood was his mother, Maria Letizia Ramolino. Her firm education controlled a wild child. He had an older brother, Joseph. Airmagnet Survey Pro Crack Internet. He also had younger siblings. Lucien, Elisa, Louis, Pauline, Caroline and Jrme. Napoleon was baptized as a Catholic just before his second birthday, on 2. July 1. 77. 1 at Ajaccio Cathedral. Napoleon was able to enter the military academy at Brienne in 1. He was nine years old when he entered the academy. He moved to the Parisian cole Royale Militaire in 1. Napoleon was able to spend much of the next eight years in Corsica. There he played an active part in political and military matters. He came into conflict with the Corsican nationalist Pasquale Paoli, and his family was forced to flee to Marseille in 1. The French Revolution caused much fighting and disorder in France. At times, Napoleon was connected to those in power. Other times, he was in jail. In the French Revolutionary Wars he helped the Republic against royalists who supported the former king of France. In September 1. 79. Toulon, where royalist leaders had welcomed a British fleet and troops. The British were driven out in December 1. Bonaparte was rewarded with promotion to brigadier general and assigned to the French army in Italy in February 1. General Napoleon Bonaparte was later appointed by the republic to repel the royalists on October 5 1. More than a 1. 40. He had cleared the streets with a whiff of grapeshot according to the 1. Thomas Carlyle. He was then promoted to major general and marked his name on the French Revolution. The defeat of the Royalist rebellions ended the threat to the Convention and earned Bonaparte sudden fame, wealth, and the patronage of the new Directory. In March 9, 1. 79. Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais, a widow older than he was and a very unlikely wife to the future ruler. The campaign in Italy is the first time Napoleon led France to war. Late in March 1. 79. Bonaparte began a series of operations to divide and defeat the Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy. He defeated the Sardinians in April 2. Savoy and Nice into France. Then, in a series of brilliant battles, he won Lombardy from the Austrians. Mantua, the last Lombard stronghold fell in February 1. In May 1. 79. 8, General Napoleon left for a campaign in Egypt. The French needed to threaten British India and the French Directory was concerned that Napoleon would take control of France. The French Army under Napoleon won an overwhelming victory in the Battle of Pyramids. Barely 3. 00 French soldiers died, while thousands of Mamluks an old power in the Middle East were killed. But his army was weakened by bubonic plague and poor supplies because the Navy was defeated at the Battle of the Nile. The Egyptian campaign was a military failure but a cultural success. The Rosetta Stone was found by French engineer Captain Pierre Franois Bouchard, and French scholar Jean Franois Champollion was able to read the words in the stone. Napoleon went back to France because of a change in the French government. Some believe that Napoleon should not have left his soldiers in Egypt. Napoleon helped lead the Brumairecoup detat of November 1. Napoleon during the coup dtat of 1. Brumaire in Saint Cloud. Bonaparte returned to Paris in October 1. Frances situation had been improved by a series of victories but the Republic was bankrupt, and the ineffective Directory was unpopular with the French population. He was approached by one of the Directors, Emmanuel Joseph Sieys, for his support in a coup to overthrow the constitutional government. The leaders of the plot included his brother Lucien Bonaparte the speaker of the Council of Five Hundred, Roger Ducos, another Director, Joseph Fouch, and Charles Maurice Talleyrand. Other deputies realised they faced an attempted coup. Faced with their protests, Bonaparte led troops to seize control and disperse them, which left a rump legislature to name Bonaparte, Siyes, and Ducos as the three provisional Consuls to administer the government. Napoleon Crossing the Alps 1. Sieys expected to dominate the new regime, but he was outmaneuvered by Bonaparte. Napoleon drafted the Constitution of the Year VIII, and secured his own election as First Consul. This made Bonaparte the most powerful person in France, and he took up residence at the Tuileries. In 1. 80. 0, Napoleon ensured his power by crossing the Alps and defeating the Austrians at Marengo. He then negotiated a general European peace that established the Rhine River as the eastern border of France. He also concluded an agreement with the pope the Concordat of 1. French domestic tranquility by ending the quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church that had arisen during the French Revolution. Product Label Maker Software'>Product Label Maker Software. In France the administration was reorganized, the court system was simplified, and all schools were put under centralized control. French law was standardized in the Napoleonic Code, or civil code, and six other codes.